云岭隧道围岩监测免疫智能正演反分析     

王晓睿  王元汉  刘晓南 《地球科学》2008,33(5):699-705

深埋长隧道中大变形、高应力、复杂的工程地质环境和长期使用需要使得对隧道围岩的稳定性分析成为决定深埋长大隧道工程成败的关键问题.利用位移反分析法分析确定围岩参数是目前研究的一个重点, 用以处理隧道围岩物理力学参数与量测信息之间的非线性关系, 对围岩二次支护方案进行判断、调整.而人工智能在识别、表达与处理这种复杂的非线性关系方面表现了极强的能力.通过对十漫高速公路云岭隧道围岩变形进行监控测量, 结合生物仿真系统和快速拉格朗日分析软件(FLAC) 进行正演分析, 利用神经网络的高度非线性、网络推理和网络耦合能力, 通过数值分析软件获得神经网络训练所需要的输出向量, 以可自适应调节的免疫算法为搜索工具对参数进行全局空间搜寻, 寻找最佳网络结构, 利用量测信息反分析寻找最佳参数, 得出结果再通过正向计算进行验证.通过智能反演分析, 改进了原勘测资料中的建议值, 调整了支护方案, 得到满意结论.表明本文所提反演分析对隧道围岩稳定性评价及信息化设计的实际意义.   相似文献   

基于分布式光纤传感技术的渗流监测理论研究   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

肖衡林  鲍华  王翠英  蔡德所 《岩土力学》2008,29(10):2794-2798

从阐述多孔介质传热过程出发,逐一分析了在非渗流及渗流情况下,光纤与多孔介质之间的传热过程,详细分析了光纤与水流对流的传热过程,推导了多孔介质中渗流水和光纤之间的换热系数计算公式。在一定假设条件下,推导了导热系数（渗流流速）、加热功率和温升的非渗流情况与渗流情况监测理论方程,为分布式光纤传感技术监测渗流的应用提供了坚实的理论基础。  相似文献   

线性工程路基岩溶土洞(塌陷)监测技术与方法综述   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

蒋小珍  雷明堂  顾维芳  张美恒 《中国岩溶》2008,27(2):172-176

土洞(塌陷)的监测预警问题一直是国际上极具挑战性的课题。近年来,随着新技术的发展,特别是光电传感技术的应用,岩溶土洞(塌陷)预警监测已取得可喜的进展。本文通过对地质雷达监测法、剖面沉降监测法、In Sar 监测法、时域反射( TDR)同轴电缆监测法、基于岩溶管道裂隙水(气)压力监测的触发因素监测法、BO TDR及OTDR光纤传感监测法等适合于线性工程岩溶土洞(塌陷)的监测预报方法进行了系统分析比较,结果发现: 单一方法在岩溶土洞(塌陷)的监测预警中都有其局限性; 分布式TDR及BOTDR技术可有效确定岩溶塌陷的空间位置,但在埋设方面需进一步的研究;岩溶土洞(塌陷)的监测预警是一个系统工程,应考虑多种方法的综合运用。   相似文献   

近30年来天山托木尔峰东侧分水岭处冰川变化   总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3  

姚永慧  励惠国  张百平 《干旱区地理》2009,32(6)

利用1978年出版的航测地形图与1976年MSS影像(地形图于20世纪70年代初期测绘)、1990年landsatTM影像、2002年CBERS影像对西天山托木尔峰以东分水岭处的5条冰川近30年来的动态变化进行了研究。研究结果表明,这5条冰川在1970年代初-2002年近30年来整体上处于退缩状态,这与该地区20世纪80、90年代气温升高导致冰雪消融加速而冬季降水量基本稳定即补给来源基本不变的趋势是相符合的。这也表明,在气候变暖的趋势下,该地区冰川的补给-消融动态平衡关系被打破,冰川总体上处于退缩状态。  相似文献   

Recent water quality trends and a comparison to sediment-core records for two riverine lakes of the Upper Mississippi River basin: Lake St. Croix and Lake Pepin     

Brenda Moraska Lafrancois  Suzanne Magdalene  D. Kent Johnson 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2009,41(4):603-622

Long-term water quality monitoring data from two riverine lakes in the Upper Mississippi River basin, Lakes St. Croix and Pepin, were analyzed to compare the long-term average water quality conditions and land use distributions, water quality trends and loads at lake inlets and outlets, trends from long-term versus short-term monitoring records, and the ability of paleolimnological cores to accurately infer lake water quality conditions. During the 1976–2004 period, the long-term average concentrations of nutrients, suspended solids, and chlorophyll-a were consistently lower at the Lake St. Croix inlet versus the Lake Pepin inlet, which drains a greater proportion of urban and agricultural runoff. Despite these differences, nutrient trends were similar at the inlets to both lakes; reductions in total phosphorus and ammonium concentrations were attributed to improvements in point source technologies, whereas increasing nitrate concentrations were attributed to both point source changes and nonpoint source increases. Despite improvements in several water quality variables, nitrate concentrations are increasing in both lakes, sediment trends indicate persistent nonpoint source inputs to Lake Pepin, and current total phosphorus concentrations remain well above pre-1950s levels in both lakes. Since urban development and agriculture are increasing in the Lake St. Croix and Lake Pepin Watersheds, continued point source regulation and additional nonpoint source control efforts will be needed to further improve water quality in these lakes. The 1976–2004 trends for most water quality variables were similar at inlet versus outlet sites on Lake St. Croix. Trends at Lake Pepin inlet versus outlet sites were less similar, but data availability limited the comparison to the 1993–2003 period. While the truncated data record highlighted short-term trends in both lakes, the full data record was most useful for exploring general patterns in water quality. Length of monitoring record affected our ability to detect trends at the inlets to both lakes, and altered the magnitude of detected trends. During the two decades of the 1980s and 1990s, paleolimnological estimates of retained phosphorus loads were similar to those estimated from recent water quality monitoring. These similarities support the use of paleolimnological approaches to infer past water quality conditions in Lakes St. Croix and Pepin. This is one of eight papers dedicated to the “Recent Environmental History of the Upper Mississippi River” published in this special issue of the Journal of Paleolimnology. D. R. Engstrom served as guest editor of the special issue.  相似文献   

青海湖周边地区沙丘移动监测及其气候驱动力分析   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

严应存  高贵生  刘宝康  肖建设  杨春玲 《中国沙漠》2009,29(4):617-622

根据青海湖周边地区3个定点沙丘监测点近5 a沙丘移动监测资料,结合邻近气象局气象资料,分析了青海湖周边地区沙丘移动距离、方向和高度变化规律及其气候驱动力。结果显示,近年来青海湖湖东地区沙丘主要向ENE方向移动,移动速度减慢,沙丘高度降低;龙羊峡水库西北部的两个沙丘主要向偏SW方向移动,移动速度东部快西部慢,沙丘高度均有所降低。沙丘移动速度及方位主要受4～8 m·s-1风速级风向出现频率的影响。近年来兴海、海晏水热条件向暖湿化方向发展,兴海风速自1996年以来变化平稳,海晏近几年虽有所增加,但在2004年前经历了16 a较平稳的低风速阶段,气候条件对沙丘发展有一定的抑制作用;共和降水增幅较小,气温持续升高,且在2004年以前经历了13 a的高风速阶段,对沙漠化具有加剧作用。  相似文献   

DLG型断层位移水平切向分量测量仪自动化标定     

范良龙  李宏  张世中  张鸿旭 《地震研究》2009,32(1)

介绍了DLG型断层位移水平切向分量测量仪的自动化标定系统组成、标定原理和标定过程.给出了该标定系统在北京市丰台区大灰厂地震台的实际标定结果,该结果满足地壳形变观测仪技术标准的要求.  相似文献   

做好地方地震监测预报基础工作之管见     

张登科 《山西地震》2009,(2):38-39

为了充分发挥地方地震监测预报机构的作用,发挥区域优势,推动群测群防工作的开展。认为,地方地震监测预报部门的基础性工作必须要从重视基础研究、抓观测资料质量、提高会商质量、提高监测队伍素质、深入开展地震科普知识宣传等方面入手,才能适应当前监测预报体系的发展要求。  相似文献   

东半球空间环境地基综合监测子午链简介     

王赤  冯学尚  万卫星  腾云田  窦贤康  史建魁  袁庆智 《国际地震动态》2009,(6):32-38

“东半球空间环境地基综合监测子午链”（简称子午工程）是我国空间科学领域开工建设的第一个国家重大基础设施项目。子午工程利用沿东半球120°E子午线附近和北纬30°N附近的15个综合性观测台站,运用无线电、地磁、光学和探空火箭等多种探测手段,连续监测地球表面20—30km以上到几百公里的中高层大气、电离层和磁层,以及十几个地球半径以外的行星际的空间环境参数。它将为我国各类用户提供完整、连续、可靠的多学科、多层次的空间环境地基综合监测数据。子午工程总投资1．67亿元,建设期3年,子午工程整体科学寿命预计超过11年。  相似文献   

Classification of seismic signals at Villarrica volcano (Chile) using neural networks and genetic algorithms     

Gloria Curilem  Jorge Vergara  Gustavo Fuentealba  Gonzalo Acuña  Max Chacón 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2009

Each volcano has its own unique seismic activity. The aim of this work is to construct a system able to classify seismic signals for the Villarrica volcano, one of the most active volcanoes in South America. Since seismic signals are the result of particular processes inside the volcano's structure, they can be used to forecast volcanic activity. This paper describes the different kinds of seismic signals recorded at the Villarrica volcano and their significance. Three kind of signals were considered as most representative of this volcano's activity: the long-period, the tremor, and the energetic tremor signals. A classifier is implemented to read the seismic registers at 30-second intervals, extract the most relevant features of each interval, and classify them into one of the three kinds of signals considered as most representative of this particular volcano. To do so, 1033 different kinds of 30-s signals were extracted and classified by a human expert. A feature extraction process was applied to obtain the main characteristics of each of them. This process was developed using criteria which have been shown by others to effectively classify seismic signals, based on the experience of a human expert. The classifier was implemented with a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) artificial neural network whose architecture and training process were optimized by means of a genetic algorithm. This technique searched for the most adequate MLP configuration to improve the classification performance, optimizing the number of hidden neurons, the transfer functions of the neurons, and the training algorithm. The optimization process also performed a feature selection to reduce the number of signal features, optimizing the number of network inputs. The results show that the optimized classifier reaches more than 93% exactitude. identifying the signals of each kind. The amplitude of the signals is the most important feature for its classification, followed by its frequency content. The described methodology can be used to classify more seismic signals to improve the study of the activity of this volcano or to extend the study to other active volcanoes of the region.  相似文献